Neurosurgery notes/Anatomy/Brainstem/Clinical conditions of the brainstem/Bulbar and Pseudobulbar Palsy

Bulbar and Pseudobulbar Palsy

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Clinical conditions of the brainstem
Bulbar palsy
Pseudobulbar palsy
Tract
Dysfunction of the motor unit
Corticobulbar tract
Motor neuron
Lower
Upper
Signs
• Atrophy, 
• Fasciculation
• Weakness
• Flaccidity
• Decreased reflexes
• Weakness accompanied by spasticity
• Increased reflexes
• Spastic dysarthria
• Emotional lability
Swallowing phase
Affects pharyngeal stage of swallowing.
Affects the oral initiation phase of swallowing.
Even unilateral pseudo bulbar and bulbar palsy can cause swallowing issues