General
- Weight:
- 150 g
- 10% of cerebral hemisphere in weight
- 50% of cerebellar cortex surface
- Has a lot more fissures
- Between 60 and 80 % of brain neurons are found within the cerebellum
Cerebellum parts
Abbreviations | Full term | Abbreviations | Full term |
CL | Central lobule | AL | Ala |
C | Culmen | AQL | Anterior quadrangular lobule |
D | Declive | PQL | Posterior quadrangular lobule |
F | Folium | SSL | Superior semilunar lobule |
T | Tuber | ISL | Inferior semilunar lobule |
P | Pyramid | BL | Biventral lobule |
U | Uvula | ㅤ | ㅤ |
Vermis
- Midline structure
- Called because resembles a worm (vermin)
Like Cats Catching Dogs For The Party Up North
Hemispheres
- Lateral structure
- Tonsils
- Lateral surface of the left tonsil.
- All of the tonsillar surfaces, except at the superolateral margin, are free surfaces. The peduncle of the tonsil, located along the superolateral margin of the tonsil, attaches the tonsil to the remainder of the cerebellum.
- The posterior surface of the tonsil faces the cisterna magna. The medial surface faces the other tonsil. The anterior surface faces the posterior medulla. The rostral pole faces the inferior medullary velum and tela choroidea.
- The lateral surface below the peduncle of the tonsil faces the biventral lobule.
- Posterior view of the left tonsil.
- The peduncle of the tonsil is located along the superolateral margin.
- Dividing the narrow peduncle allows the tonsil to be separated from the remaining cerebellum.
Relationships between vermis and hemisphere
Lobe | Part of vermis | Part of hemisphere |
Anterior | Lingula | — |
Central lobule | Ala | |
Culmen | Anterior quadrangular lobule | |
Posterior (or middle) | Declive | Posterior quadrangular lobule |
Folium | Superior semilunar lobule | |
Tuber | Inferior semilunar lobule | |
Pyramid | Biventral lobule | |
Uvula | Tonsil | |
Flocculonodular | Nodule | Flocculus |
Cerebellum surface
- Superior
- Vermis merges with the hemispheres
- Inferior
- The two hemispheres are separated by a deep depression called the vallecula
- Vermis lies in the depth of the vallecula
- Here the vermis is separated from the corresponding cerebellar hemisphere by a paramedian sulcus
Fissures and Lobes of Cerebellum
- Superficial fissure
- Parallel fissures on surface of cerebellum form divide the cerebellar surface into bands (Gyri) called folia
- Deeper fissures
- Divide cerebellum into lobes and smaller lobules
- Deepest fissures
- The primary fissure (Fissura prima) running transversely across the superior surface
- The posterolateral fissure seen on the inferior aspect
- The horizontal fissure:
- Which divides the cerebellum into upper and lower halves.
- The parts seen above the horizontal fissure form the superior surface and those below the fissure form the inferior surface of the cerebellum.
- 3 lobes
- Anterior lobe
- Anterior to the primary fissure
- Posterior/Middle lobe
- Between primary and posterior lateral fissure
- Flocculonodular lobe
- Posterior to posterior lateral fissure
Cerebellum in 3 (rule of three)
1 | Subdivisions | Left hemisphere | Vermis | Right hemisphere |
2 | Fissures | Posterolateral | Primary | Horizontal |
3 | Lobes | Anterior | Posterior | Flocculonodular |
4 | Developmental | Archicerebellum | Paleocerebellum | Neocerebellum |
5 | Connections | Vestibular | Spinal cord | Cerebral cortex |
6 | Functions | Body equilibrium | Muscle tone | Fine coordination of voluntary movements |
7 | Longitudinal subdivisions | Vermal | Paravermal | Lateral |
8 | Core subdivisions | Cerebellar cortex | Cerebellar white matter | Deep cerebellar nuclei |
9 | Cerebellar cortex | Molecular layer | Purkinje cell layer | Granular layer |
10 | Cerebellar glomeruli | Axon of a mossy fibre | Dendrites of granule cells | Axon and dendrite of Golgi cell |
11 | Cerebellar white matter | Commissural fibres | Association fibres | Projection fibres |
12 | Cerebellar peduncles (old names within brackets) | Superior (brachium conjunctivum) | Middle (brachium pontis) | Inferior (restiform and juxtarestiform body) |
13 | Brainstem connected | Midbrain | Pons | Medulla oblongata |
14 | Deep cerebellar nuclei | Dentate | Emboliform and globose (nucleus interpositus) | Fastigial |
15 | Arterial supply | Posterior inferior cerebellar | Anterior inferior cerebellar | Superior cerebellar |
Subdivisions of cerebellum
- By phylogenetic
Phylogenetic subdivision | Anatomical component | Chief connections | Functions | Functional classification | Deficit symptoms |
Archicerebellum (oldest part) | Flocculonodular lobe Lingula | Vestibular apparatus | Maintenance of body equilibrium | Vestibulocerebellum | Truncal, stance, and gait ataxia Vertigo Nystagmus Vomiting |
Paleocerebellum | Anterior lobe (except lingula) Pyramid Uvula | Spinal cord | Maintenance of muscle tone and posture | Spinocerebellum | Ataxia, chiefly affecting the lower limb Oculomotor dysfunction Speech disorder (asynergy of speech muscles) |
Neocerebellum (most recent) | Posterior lobe (except pyramid and uvula) | Pons | Responsible for fine coordination of voluntary movements | Cerebrocerebellum | Dysmetria and hypermetria (positive rebound) Intention tremor Nystagmus Decreased muscle tone |
Postulating a new cerebellum | More recently there has been growing appreciation that | Cerebellar damage can produce cognitive deficits. • Right cerebellar injury linguistic processing was impaired • Left cerebellar injury produced visual-spatial defects |
- By connections/ functional
- Vermal (vermis) zone
- Send fibres to fastigial nucleus
- Paravermal (or paramedian) zone
- Send fibers to Globus and emboliform nucleus
- Lateral zone
- Longitudinal parcellation
- Send fibers to dentate nucleus
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