General
Limits
- Superior: cerebrum
- Inferior: midbrain
- Anterior: interventricular foramen (Munro)
- Posterior: posterior commissure
Hypothalamic sulcus divides the diencephalon into two parts
- The subthalamic nucleus is included with the basal nuclei to which it is closely related functionally
Divisions | Subdivisions | Important Nuclear Groups |
Pars dorsalis diencephali | Thalamus (dorsal thalamus) | Anterior, Medial, Lateral ventral, Lateral dorsal, Non-specific |
ㅤ | Metathalamus | Medial and lateral geniculate bodies |
ㅤ | Epithalamus | Pineal gland, Habenular nucleus |
Pars ventralis diencephali | Hypothalamus | Pre-optic, Supraoptic, Tuberal, Mamillary |
ㅤ | Ventral thalamus / Subthalamus | Subthalamic, Zona incerta |
AC-PC line
- Use as the axial plane for neuroimaging
- Follows the plane of the hypothalamic sulcus which divides the
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
Arterial supply of the diencephalon
- Thalamus
- Mainly by perforating branches of the posterior cerebral artery
- Posteromedial group of branches (also called thalamogeniculate arteries) supply the medial and anterior part
- The posterolateral group (also called thalamogeniculate branches) supply the posterior and lateral parts of the thalamus
- Others
- Branches of Posterior communicating
- Anterior choroidal
- Posterior choroidal
- Middle cerebral arteries
- Hypothalamus
- Anterior part: central branches of the anteromedial group (arising from the anterior cerebral artery).
- Posterior part: central branches of the posteromedial group (arising from the posterior cerebral and posterior communicating arteries).
Venous drainage of diencephalon
- Thalamus
- The veins of the thalamus may be divided into:
- Superior group including
- the superior thalamic vein, large and constantly present
- the anterior thalamic vein, an inconstant accessory
- Inferior group
- Posterior group
- Includes a variable number of perforating veins.
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