Clinical
- Kleine-Levin syndrome:
- Lesions of medial part of hypothalamus
- causes problems in satiety resulting in periods of somnolence followed by hyperphagia
- Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH):
- Lesions of supraoptic nucleus results in improper ADH secretion and diabetes insipidus
Diencephalic syndrome
- Aka:
- Russell's syndrome
- Hypothalamic dysfunction
- Clinical features
- Major features
- Severe emaciation despite normal or slightly decreased caloric intake (failure to thrive)
- Hallmark symptom
- Failure to thrive
- weight-for-age values were below the fifth percentile on the growth chart,
- Height-for-age values were within the normal range.
- Head circumference values of the patients were above normal, probably owing to the presence of hydrocephalus
- Mechanisms
- ? Elevated growth hormone (GH) level with a paradoxic response to a glucose load, partial GH resistance, and excessive β-lipotropin (a lipolytic peptide) secretion, resulting in increased lipolysis and subsequent loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue.
- Locomotor hyperactivity
- Euphoria
- Minor features
- Skin pallor without anemia
- Hypoglycemia
- Hypotension
- Aetiology
- Tumours of optic and hypothalamic astrocytomas
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