Neurosurgery notes/Anatomy/Peripheral nerves anatomy/Neurotransmitter

Neurotransmitter

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Peripheral nerves anatomy

General

  • Released from presynaptic membrane
  • Causes post synaptic membrane
    • Excitation
    • Inhibition
  • E.g.
    • Acetylcholine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, histamine, serotonin, gamma amino butyric acid, glutamate, glycine, and aspartate.
  • Some do not influence synaptic transmission directly but modifies the effects of neurotransmitters (neuromodulators)
    • Sub P
    • Vasoactive intestinal peptide
    • Somatostatin

Synthesis

graph LR
    Tryptophan -- "B₂, B₆" --> Niacin --> NADplus_NADPplus["NAD⁺/NADP⁺"]
    Tryptophan -- "BH₄, B₆" --> Serotonin --> Melatonin

graph LR
    Histidine -- "B₆" --> Histamine

Neurotransmitter changes with disease

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Location of Synthesis
Anxiety
Depression
Schizophrenia
Alzheimer Disease
Huntington Disease
Parkinson Disease
Acetylcholine
Basal nucleus of Meynert (forebrain)
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Dopamine
Ventral tegmentum, SNc (midbrain)
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↑
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GABA
Nucleus accumbens (basal ganglia)
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Norepinephrine
Locus ceruleus (pons)
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↓
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Serotonin
Raphe nuclei (brainstem)
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↓
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