Neurosurgery notes/Anatomy/Sensory/Auditory/Language processing

Language processing

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Auditory
  • 2 streams
    • Ventral semantic stream
      • Mapping auditory speech sounds to meaning
      • Major pathway: inferior frontooccipital fasciculus
      • Damaged:
        • Produces the semantic paraphasia in the dominant hemisphere.
    • Dorsal phonological stream
      • Function mapping auditory speech sounds to articulatory representations.
      • Major pathway: arcuate fasciculus
  • Both steam connect Broca’ s area and Wernicke’s area.
  • Other pathways involved
    • Extreme capsule
    • Uncinate fasciculus
    • Inferior longitudinal fasciculus
    • Middle longitudinal fasciculus
  • Language function is left lateralised in most
Anterior/ventral stream AL RP, T2/T3 b'ect informatio ent Superior temporal cortex Core areas Al and R General purpose, distribution Other streams? Medial belt Other functions? CL "A5"), CP, TPO, Tpt Posterior parietal cortex Orbitofrontal cortex orsolateral prefrontal cort Fig. 8. Schematic flow diagram of "what" and "where" streams in the auditory cortical system of primates. The anterior/ventral "what"—stream is shown in green, consisting of (among others) areas AL, a rostral parabelt area (RP) [70], and the rostral ST areas T 2 and T 3 of Burton and Jones [22] (equivalent to areas Ts3 and Ts2 of Pandya and Sanides [1 9], respectively). The posterior/dorsal "where"—stream is shown in red, consisting of areas CL, a caudal parabelt area (CP) [70], and areas TPO and Tpt of Pandya and Sanides [19]. Core areas and conjectural additional streams are shown in light turquoise. Areas AL and CL are tentatively renamed as "A4" and "AS", respectively, by analogy with the visual system and according to their approximate position in the auditory processing hierarchy.
Schematic flow diagram of “what” and “where” streams in the auditory cortical system of primates. The anterior/ventral “what”—stream is shown in green, consisting of (among others) areas AL, a rostral parabelt area (RP) , and the rostral ST areas T2 and T3 of Burton and Jones (equivalent to areas Ts3 and Ts2 of Pandya and Sanides , respectively). The posterior/dorsal “where”—stream is shown in red, consisting of areas CL, a caudal parabelt area (CP) , and areas TPO and Tpt of Pandya and Sanides. Core areas and conjectural additional streams are shown in light turquoise. Areas AL and CL are tentatively renamed as “A4” and “A5”, respectively, by analogy with the visual system and according to their approximate position in the auditory processing hierarchy.