Ischaemic optic neuropathy
- Types
- Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) involves the 1mm segment of the optic nerve head, also known as the optic disc, and results in visible disc swelling.
- 2 types
- Arteritic (AAION) and is almost always associated with giant cell arteritis.
- Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION) encompasses those conditions that result in ischemia to any portion of the optic nerve posterior to the optic disc.
- By definition, PION will not cause disc edema.
Arteritic AION (A-AION)
- Clinical features
- Most common cause of painless monocular blindness in the elderly.
- One third of cases are bilateral.
- Pathophysiology
- This is caused by occlusion of the central retinal artery.
- This causes an altitudinal field deficit.
Others
- Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome (Progressive supranuclear palsy) is an neurodegenerative disorder and included as one of the Parkinson plus syndromes.
- Kearns-Sayre syndrome: mitochondrial disease
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