General
- -esthesia: pain + any other sense like temp
- -algesia: pain only
Pain
- An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.
Neuralgia
Features | Neuropathy | Neuralgia |
Duration of pain | Constant | Episodic |
Nerve damage | Yes | No |
Pain relief | Takes long to achieve pain relief | Almost immediate |
- Neuropathy refers to general diseases or dysfunctions of the nerves.
- Neuralgia involves severe, localized pain along a specific damaged nerve, often triggered by mild stimulation of the area.
Analgesia
- Absence of pain in response to stimulation which would normally be painful.
- Note: As with allodynia (q.v.), the stimulus is defined by its usual subjective effects.
Anaesthesia dolorosa
- Pain in an area or region which is anaesthetic.
Causalgia
- A syndrome of sustained burning pain, allodynia, and hyperpathia after a traumatic nerve lesion, often combined with vasomotor and sudomotor dysfunction and later trophic changes.
Dysesthesia
- An unpleasant abnormal sensation, whether spontaneous or evoked.
- Compare with pain and with paraesthesia.
- Special cases of dysesthesia include
- Dysesthesia should always be unpleasant
- Paraesthesia should not be unpleasant
Hyperesthesia
- Increased sensitivity to stimulation, excluding the special senses.
- The stimulus and locus should be specified.
- Hyperesthesia may refer to various modes of cutaneous sensibility including touch and thermal sensation without pain, as well as to pain.
- The word is used to indicate both diminished threshold to any stimulus and an increased response to stimuli that are normally recognized.
- Hyperesthesia includes both allodynia and hyperalgesia, but the more specific terms should be used wherever they are applicable.
- Increased pain from a stimulus that normally provokes pain.
- Given pain, increased pain sense
- Note:
- Hyperalgesia reflects increased pain on suprathreshold stimulation.
- This is a clinical term that does not imply a mechanism.
- It should also be recognized that with allodynia the stimulus and the response are in different modes, whereas with hyperalgesia they are in the same mode.
- Current evidence suggests that hyperalgesia is a consequence of perturbation of the nociceptive system with peripheral or central sensitization, or both,
- Hyperalgesia may be seen after different types of somatosensory stimulation applied to different tissues.
- Eg from sunburn of the skin which induces histamine release
- Pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain.
- Give touch, pain sense
- The stimulus leads to an unexpectedly painful response
- The term allodynia was originally introduced to separate from hyperalgesia and hyperesthesia,
- The conditions seen in patients with lesions of the nervous system where touch, light pressure, or moderate cold or warmth evoke pain when applied to apparently normal skin.
- Allo means "other" in Greek and is a common prefix for medical conditions that diverge from the expected.
Hyperalgesia
Allodynia
Hyperpathia
- A painful syndrome characterized by an abnormally painful reaction to a stimulus, especially a repetitive stimulus, as well as an increased threshold.
- Increased sensitivity with increasing threshold to repetitive stimulation
- It may occur with allodynia, hyperesthesia, hyperalgesia, or dysesthesia.
- Faulty identification and localization of the stimulus, delay, radiating sensation, and aftersensation may be present, and the pain is often explosive in character.
Hypoalgesia
- Diminished pain in response to a normally painful stimulus.
- Given pain, reduce pain sense
- Hypoalgesia was formerly defined as diminished sensitivity to noxious stimulation, making it a particular case of hypoesthesia (q.v.).
- However, it now refers only to the occurrence of relatively less pain in response to stimulation that produces pain. Hypoesthesia covers the case of diminished sensitivity to stimulation that is normally painful.
Hypoesthesia
- Decreased sensitivity to stimulation, excluding the special senses.
- Stimulation and locus to be specified.
Atopoaesthesia
- Subjective feeling of swelling of arm that is not swollen
Neuropathic pain
- Pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. May be central or peripheral
Nociceptive pain
- Pain that arises from actual or threatened damage to non-neural tissue and is due to the activation of nociceptors. Describes pain occurring with a normally functioning somatosensory nervous system to contrast with the abnormal function seen in neuropathic pain
Paresthesiae
- An abnormal sensation, whether spontaneous or evoked (not unpleasant)
Made with Bullet