Mechanism
- Lymphatic drainage of the occipitoatlantoaxial joint complex is primarily into the Retropharyngeal lymph nodes → upper deep jugular cervical chain
- Retropharyngheal lymph nodes also drain
- Nasopharynx
- Paranasal sinuses
- Retropharyngeal area
- A retrograde infection from these regions may affect the synovial lining of the craniovertebral joint complex, with a resultant inflammatory effusion, instability, and possible neurological deficit, contributing to so-called Grisel's syndrome
- Inflammation of facet capsule transverse and atlantal ligament → weakening of ligament → subluxation
Aetiology
- Head and neck or upper respiratory infection
- Retropharyngeal abscess
- Dental abscess
Micro-organism
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Group B. Streptococcus
- Oral flora
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