Muscular dystrophy

Most common forms of muscular dystrophy

Type	Onset age	Specific symptoms	Other body part involved	Inheritance	Defective gene/protein
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)	Before 4 to 5 years of age	1. Weak hip and shoulder muscles 2. Stops walking around the age of 10 to 12 years 3. Kyphosis and scoliosis of spine 4. Weak breathing muscles 5. Affects males.	Cardiomyopathy (heart becomes big in size and weak in pumping action)	XR	Dystrophin
Beckers Muscular Dystrophy (BMD)	Early childhood to adult	1. Weak hip and shoulder muscles 2. Can walk even beyond the age of 15 years 3. Breathing muscles also become weak but at a very later stage.	Same as above	XR	Dystrophin
Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy (LGMD)	Early childhood to adult	1. Muscles of hip and shoulder become weak but slowly.	Same as above	AD/AR	Several
Emery-Dreifuss	Childhood to adult	1. Elbow contractures, humeral and peroneal weakness	Cardiomyopathy	XR/AD	Emerin/Lamins A/C, Nesprin-1, Nesprin 2, TMEM43

Type	Onset age	Specific symptoms	Other body part involved
Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy (FSHD)	Before the age of 19 to 20	1. Weakness of shoulder, face and upper arm but slowly.	None
Congenital Muscular Dystrophy	At birth or within first few months	1. Low tone or floppy 2. Contractures 3. Delayed milestones 4. Weak breathing muscles.	Mentally retarded and problems with eyes.
Myotonic Dystrophy	Starts between 11 to 20 years of age	1. Weakness of shoulder, face and upper arm but slowly.	Mental retardation, cataracts, reduced size of testicles, heart problems.
Oculopharyngeal Dystrophy	Between 40 to 60 years	1. Slow weakness of the eye and throat muscles.	None
Emery Dreifuss Myopathy	Childhood to adults	1. Weakness of shoulder and upper arm. 2. Contractures.	Cardiomyopathy.
Distal Myopathy	40-50 years	1. Weakness of hand, arm and foot muscles.	None