Malformations of cortical development classification by Barkovich 2012
Group I: abnormal cell proliferation or apoptosis
- Disorders of neuronal and/or glial proliferation or apoptosis.
- Subgrouped by abnormalities of brain size
- Group I.A (small)- microcephaly
- with normal to simplified cortical pattern
- with lissencephaly
- with extensive polymicrogyria
- Group I.B (large)
- megalencephaly/macrocephaly
- Group I.C (those with cortical dysgenesis with abnormal cells)
- Non-neoplastic
- Cortical hamartomas of tuberous sclerosis
- cortical dysplasia with balloon cells
- Hemimegalencephaly
- type II focal cortical dysplasia
- Neoplastic
- Gangliogliomas
- Gangliocytomas
- Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours (DNET)
Group II: abnormal neuronal migration
- Group II.A
- Subependymal heterotopia
- Marginal glioneuronal heterotopia
- Group II.B
- Lissencephaly type I:
- subcortical band heterotopia spectrum (band heterotopia): under migration
- Lissencephaly type II (cobblestone complex):
- over migration
- Group II.C
- Subcortical heterotopia (not including band heterotopia)
Group III: abnormal post migrational development
- Group III.A
- Polymicrogyria and schizencephaly
- bilateral polymicrogyria syndromes
- Schizencephaly
- polymicrogyria or schizencephaly as part of multiple congenital anomaly/intellectual disability syndromes
- Group III.B
- cortical dysgenesis secondary to inborn errors of metabolism
- mitochondrial and pyruvate metabolic disorders
- peroxisomal disorders
- Group III.C
- Type I and type III focal cortical dysplasia
- Group III.D
- Post-migrational microcephaly (also in group I)
Made with Bullet