- Medications to treat hypertension
- Propanolol a beta blocker precipitate a myasthenic crisis in susceptible patients due to its affect on neuromuscular junction
Name | Category | Onset | Duration | Dose | Comments |
Labetalol | α₁, β₁, β₂ antagonist | 5 min | 6 h | - Bolus: 10 mg IV over 2 min; - Continuous: 1–2 mg/min; - Max: 300 mg in 24 h | - Caution in patients with left ventricular - Dysfunction and pulmonary disease |
Nitroglycerine | Nitro-vasodilator | 1 min | 10 min | - Bolus: 50 mcg IV; - Continuous: 5 mcg/kg/min; - Max: 100 mcg/kg/min | - Caution: can increase ICP; risk of methemoglobin - Production |
Nicardipine | Ca²⁺ channel blocker | 5 min | 4 h | 1. Continuous: 5 mg/h; 2. Once BP control achieved, decrease by 3 mg/h; Max: 15 mg/h | - No effect on ICP; - No bradycardia |
Nitroprusside | Vasodilator | — | — | - Continuous: 0.25 mcg/kg/min; - Max: 5 mcg/kg/min | — |
Enalaprilat | ACE inhibitor | 15 min | 6 h | - 1 mg slow IV over 5 min; - Max: 5 mg q 6 h | - Can cause hyperkalemia; - Contraindicated in pregnancy and bilateral renal artery stenosis |
Esmolol | β₁ antagonist | 1 min | 30 min | - Bolus: 500 mcg/kg IV over 1 min; - Continuous: 50 mcg/kg/min; - Max: 300 mcg/kg/min | - Caution in pulmonary disease and left ventricular - Dysfunction |
Hydralazine | Vasodilator, nitrate | 10 min | 6 h | - 5–10 mg IV over 2 min; - Max: 40 mg | Cardiac ischemia |
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