- The transotic approach, developed by Professor Ugo Fisch,
- A limited transcochlear approach intended to address small and medium sized tumors of the cerebellopontine angle.
- Unlike the transcochlear approach for petroclival lesions, the transotic approach does not involve re-routing of the facial nerve or decompression of the sigmoid sinus. The ear canal, middle ear, and entire inner ear are removed as a means of approaching the internal auditory canal and cerebellopontine angle.