- A structural curve in the absence of any other underlying problem.
- The deformity is self-generating, and the underlying cause is yet to be established, although there are many theories with regard to aetiology.
- Classification (due to increased cardiopulmonary risk associated with early-onset scoliosis due to rapid curve progression. )
- Early-onset idiopathic scoliosis (0-5 years)
- In general, the younger the age at diagnosis, the more likely the deformity will progress and require treatment.
- Comprised of (old classification)
- Infantile Idiopathic Scoliosis
- Children ages 3 years or less
- More common in boys
- usually left thoracic
- More common in Europe but rare in the USA
- Associated with plagiocephaly, developmental delay, congenital heart disease, and developmental hip dysplasia;
- Juvenile Idiopathic Scoliosis
- Children between ages 4 and 10
- Represents a gradual transition from the characteristics of infantile idiopathic scoliosis to those of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
- More common in girls
- Less common than adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,
- right thoracic and double major curve types
- Late-onset idiopathic scoliosis (after 5 years)
- Radiographic assessment
- Radiographic frequency
- Time between x-rays: 2 years
- Coronal curve progression: 0.83±1.1° Cobb/year
- 72% of progressive patients
- Sagittal curve progression: none
- There is no clear need for close-interval sequential radiographic follow-up (different from adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS))
- Given the high number of progressive patients, an x-ray every 2 years seems advisable
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