Specific metastatic tumour
- Lung cancer: Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Molecular markers such as EGFR mutations have been shown to significantly improve survival rates for patients with metastatic spine disease. Targeted therapies like erlotinib, gefitinib, and osimertinib have dramatically improved median survival rates for patients with these mutations.
- Breast cancer: Breast cancer frequently metastasizes to the bone, including the spine. HER2-positive breast cancer patients have benefited from targeted therapies like trastuzumab, which has significantly improved progression-free and overall survival. Additionally, ER-positive tumors can develop resistance to endocrine therapy, but targeted inhibitors like palbociclib have shown promise in extending progression-free survival.
- Prostate cancer: The spine is a common site for prostate cancer metastases. Androgen deprivation targeted therapies (ADT) have been the cornerstone of treatment for decades. Recent advancements in targeted therapies, such as cabozantinib and olaparib, have shown promise in improving outcomes for patients with metastatic prostate cancer.
- Melanoma: Metastatic melanoma has historically been associated with poor survival rates. However, targeted therapies like BRAF inhibitors (vemurafenib, dabrafenib) have shown significant improvements in progression-free and overall survival for patients with BRAF mutations.
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