Closed TBI
- RTA: acceleration and deceleration forces → DAI
- Fall: head hits a hard surface → focal contusion brain injury
Penetrating injuries
- High velocity missiles:
- Extensive damage along the missile track
- The amount of kinetic energy transferred results in substantial distant damage
Crush injuries
- Dynamic forces are to a large extent absorbed by the skull → extensive skull injury
- Not all energy is transferred to the brain → brain injury may be less severe
Blast injuries
- Several mechanisms combine in damaging the brain.
- Primary injury
- Due to pressure waves
- Secondary injury
- Collision with debris and other objects
- Tertiary
- Being thrown down by the blast and hitting the head against an object
- Quaternary
- Heat and toxic injury
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