General
- List of different stains: https://www.labcorp.com/resource/immunohistochemical-stains
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
- Intermediate filament for astrocytes
- Can be present in normal, reactive, neoplastic states
- Found in
- CNS tumors
S100
- Acidic protein, 100% Soluble in ammonium sulfate at neutral pH
- Family is multigenic group of nonubiquitous cytoplasmic EF-hand Ca2+-binding proteins
- Helps regulate cell contraction, motility, growth, differentiation, cell cycle progression, transcription and secretion Structurally similar to calmodulin
- +
- Normal tissue
- Neural crest derived tissue: Schwann cells, melanocytes, glial cells
- Disease
- Eosinophilic granuloma
- Haemangioblastoma
- Chordoma
- Peripheral nerve sheath tumours
- Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (50%)
- Paragangliomas
- Schwannoma
- Esthesioneuroblastoma
- Meningioma (20%)
Synaptophysin
- Most abundant synaptic vesicle membrane glycoprotein,
- Present in neuronal presynaptic vesicles
- Gene is at Xp11.23-p11.22
- Regulate endocytosis to ensure vesicle availability during and after sustained neuronal activity
- Commonly used neuroendocrine marker (other neuroendocrine marker chromogranin and CD56)
- Found in
- CNS: central neurocytoma, gangliocytic paraganglioma, ganglioneuroma and other ganglion cell tumors, medulloblastoma/central PNET, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, retinoblastoma
- Neuroendocrine cells / tumors at all sites (carcinoid tumor, neuroendocrine carcinoma, paraganglioma, small cell carcinoma
Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA)
- aka CD227, MUC1 and episialin
- Large cell surface mucin glycoprotein expressed by most glandular and ductal epithelial cells and some hematopoietic cells
- Normally acts as barrier to apical surface of epithelial cells, playing a protective and regulatory role inhibits formation of E-cadherin / beta catenin complex
- Found in
- Marker of meningioma
- Negative stain in
- Paraganglioma
Cytokeratin 7 (CK7, K7)
- Type II keratin of simple nonkeratinizing epithelia
- Like other keratins, component of intermediate filaments forming cytoskeleton of epithelial cells
- Rule out lung ca
Cytokeratin CAM 5.2
- Positive in
- Astroblastoma
- Choroid plexus papilloma
- Meningioma-malignant
- Meningioma-secretory
- Negative in
- Glioblastoma
- Most meningiomas
- Supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumour
Vimentin
- Intermediate filament for mesenchymal tissue
- + for
- Ependymoma, meningioma, pituicytoma
Reticulin stain is positive in which tumors?
- Ganglioglioma
- Hemangiopericytoma
- Pituitary tumor
- Lymphoma
- Glomus tumor
- Hemangioblastoma
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