Orbital Cavernous Venous Malformation (Cavernous Hemangioma)
- A benign, non-infiltrative, slowly progressive vascular neoplasm surrounded by a well-delineated fibrous capsule.
- Most common benign neoplasm of the orbit in adults
- Pathophysiology
- A congenital abnormality that presents after sufficient growth causes cosmetic or visual disturbance.
- Growth of the tumor is a result of budding of the vascular channels into the surrounding soft tissue.
- It has been speculated that a localized, low-grade change in hemodynamics causes opening of new channels allowing for extension of the tumor into the surrounding interstitium.
- A fibrous capsule forms at the interface of the advancing tumor and the normal neighboring tissue. Surrounding soft tissue is displaced, compressed or occasionally incorporated into the tumor.
- Symptomatic visual impairment occurs as a result of involvement of the optic nerve, extraocular muscles or surrounding vasculature.
- Clinical features
- Painless,
- Progressively proptotic eye
- Mostly unilateral, but bilateral cases have been reported.
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